Notes

1. ^ Goulart, Ron, Comic Book Encyclopedia (Harper Entertainment, New York, 2004) ISBN 0-06-053816-3
2. ^ Batman (vol. 1) #242 (June 1972)
3. ^ Detective Comics (vol. 1) #846 (September 2008)
4. ^ ^a b c Fleisher, Michael L. The Encyclopedia of Comic Book Heroes Volume 1 Batman Collier Books 1976ISBN 0-02-080090-8 p. 31
5. ^ ^a b c Beatty, Scott (2008). "Batman". In Dougall, Alastair. The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 40–44. ISBN 0-7566-4119-5.
6. ^ "The Big Question: What is the history of Batman, and why does he still appeal?". The Independent(London). July 22, 2008.
7. ^ "Batman – Top 100 Comic Book Heroes". IGN Entertainment. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
8. ^ Daniels, Les. Batman: The Complete History. Chronicle Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8118-4232-0, pg. 18
9. ^ Steranko, Jim. The Steranko History of Comics 1. Reading, PA: Supergraphics, 1970. (ISBN 0-517-50188-0)
10. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 21, 23
11. ^ Havholm, Peter; Sandifer, Philip (Autumn 2003). "Corporate Authorship: A Response to Jerome Christensen".Critical Inquiry 30 (1): 192.doi:10.1086/380810.ISSN 00931896.
12. ^ Biography by Joe Desris, in Batman Archives, Volume 3 (DC Comics, 1994), p. 223 ISBN 1-56389-099-2
13. ^ Daniels, Les (1999). Batman: The Complete History. Chronicle Books. pp. 21, 23. ISBN 0-8118-4232-0.
14. ^ ^a b Kane, Andrae, p. 44
15. ^ ^a b Kane, Andrae, p. 41
16. ^ Daniels, Les. DC Comics: A Celebration of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes. New York: Billboard Books/Watson-Guptill Publications, 2003, ISBN 0-8230-7919-8, pg. 23
17. ^ Boichel, Bill. "Batman: Commodity as Myth." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 6–7
18. ^ Groth, Gary (October 2005). "Jerry Robinson". The Comics Journal 1(271): 80–81. ISSN 0194-7869. Retrieved November 18, 2007.
19. ^ Comic Book Artist 3. Winter 1999.TwoMorrows Publishing
20. ^ "Comic Book Interview Super Special: Batman" Fictioneer Press, 1989
21. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 25
22. ^ Wright, Bradford W. Comic Book Nation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 2001. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5, pg. 19
23. ^ ^a b Daniels (1999), pg. 29
24. ^ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p), Sheldon Moldoff (i). "The Batman and How He Came to Be"Detective Comics 33: 1–2 (November, 1939), DC Comics
25. ^ Detective Comics #33 (November 1939), Grand Comics Database
26. ^ John Jefferson Darowski, "The Mythic Symbols of Batman" December 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2008. Archived on 2008-03-20.
27. ^ ^a b Wright, pg. 17
28. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 38
29. ^ Daniels (2003), pg. 36
30. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 42
31. ^ ^a b Boichel, pg. 9
32. ^ Wright, pg. 59
33. ^ Edmund Hamilton (w), Curt Swan (p). "The Mightiest Team In the World" Superman #76 (June 1952),DC Comics
34. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 88
35. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 91
36. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 84
37. ^ Boichel, pg. 13
38. ^ York, Christopher (2000). "All in the Family: Homophobia and Batman Comics in the 1950s". The International Journal of Comic Art 2(2): 100–110.
39. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 94
40. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 95
41. ^ Bill Finger (w), Sheldon Moldoff (p). "Gotham Gang Line-Up!"Detective Comics 328 (June, 1964),DC Comics
42. ^ Benton, Mike. The Comic Book in America: An Illustrated History. Dallas: Taylor, 1989. ISBN 0-87833-659-1, pg. 69
43. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 115
44. ^ Wright, pg. 233
45. ^ Pearson, Roberta E.; Uricchio, William. "Notes from the Batcave: An Interview with Dennis O'Neil." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 18
46. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 140
47. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 141
48. ^ SciFi Wire (March 28, 2007): "Batman Artist Rogers is Dead": "Even though their Batman run was only six issues, the three laid the foundation for later Batman comics. Their stories include the classic 'Laughing Fish' (in which the Joker's face appeared on fish); they were adapted for Batman: The Animated Series in the 1990s. Earlier drafts of the 1989 Batman movie with Michael Keaton as the Dark Knight were based heavily on their work."^{[dead link]}
49. ^ Boichel, pg. 15
50. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 147, 149
51. ^ Wright, pg. 267
52. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 155, 157
53. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 161
54. ^ ^a b Pearson, Roberta E.; Uricchio, William. "Introduction." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 1
55. ^ "Diamond's 2005 Year-End Sales Charts & Market Share". newsarama.com. 2006. Archived fromthe original on May 25, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2006.
56. ^ "July 2005 Sales Charts: All-Star Batman & Robin Lives Up To Its Name". newsarama.com. 2005. Archived from the original on September 7, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2006.
57. ^ Review by Iann Robinson, Crave Online
58. ^ Review by William Gatevackes, PopMatters, February 10, 2006
59. ^ ^a b Phillips, Dan (August 8, 2009)."Grant Morrison's New Batman and Robin". IGN. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
60. ^ George, Richard (March 11, 2009)."Morrison discusses Batman and Robin". IGN. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
61. ^ Wilkins, Alasdair (June 27, 2009)."Batman Is Reborn...With A Vengeance". io9. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
62. ^ Pearson, pg. 185
63. ^ ^{a b c d e} Pearson; Uricchio. "'I'm Not Fooled By That Cheap Disguise.'" Pg. 186
64. ^ Pearson, pg. 191
65. ^ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate"Detective Comics #27 (May, 1939), DC Comics
66. ^ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). "The Batman Wars Against the Dirigible of Doom" Detective Comics #33(November, 1939), DC Comics
67. ^ She first appears in Detective Comics #31 (Sept. 1939)
68. ^ Paul Levitz (w), Joe Staton (p). "The Untold Origin of the Justice Society"DC Special 29 (August/September 1977), DC Comics
69. ^ Gardner Fox (w). All Star Comics 3 (Winter 1940/41), DC Comics
70. ^ Bill Finger (w), Bob Kane (p). Batman 7 (November, 1941),DC Comics
71. ^ Batman #16 (May 1943); his original last name, Beagle, is revealed inDetective Comics #96 (Feb. 1945)
72. ^ One example is the Englehart/Rogers run of the late 1970s, which has editorial notes directing readers to issues such asBatman #1
73. ^ Bill Finger (w), Sheldon Moldoff (p). "The First Batman"Detective Comics 235 (September, 1956), DC Comics
74. ^ Edmond Hamilton (w), Dick Sprang (p). "When Batman Was Robin" Detective Comics 226 (December, 1955), DC Comics
75. ^ Miller, Frank; David Mazzucchelli and Richmond Lewis (1987). Batman: Year One. DC Comics. p. 98. ISBN 1-85286-077-4.
76. ^ Max Allan Collins (w), Chris Warner (p). "Did Robin Die Tonight?"Batman 408 (June, 1987), DC Comics
77. ^ Alan Grant (w), Norm Breyfogle (p). "Master of Fear"Batman 457 (December, 1990), DC Comics
78. ^ Dixon, Chuck. et al. "Batman: Prodigal". Batman 512–514, Shadow of the Bat 32–34, Detective Comics679–681, Robin 11–13. New York: DC Comics, 1995.
79. ^ "Infinite Crisis" #7, p. 32
80. ^ 52 #30
81. ^ Batman #673
82. ^ Batman #681
83. ^ James Robinson (w), Don Kramer (p). "Face the Face – Conclusion" Batman 654 (August, 2006), DC Comics
84. ^ Brad Meltzer (w), Ed Benes (p). "The Tornado's Path" Justice League of America (vol. 2) 1 (August, 2006), DC Comics
85. ^ Chuck Dixon (w), Julian Lopex (p). Batman and the Outsiders (vol. 2) 1 (November, 2007), DC Comics
86. ^ Rothstein, Simon. "Batman killed by his OWN dad." November 28, 2008.The Sun. Archived November 28, 2008.
87. ^ Adams, Guy. "Holy smoke, Batman! Are you dead?" November 28, 2008,The Independent. ArchivedNovember 28, 2008.
88. ^ Newsarama: "Batman R.I.P. – Finally?" January 15, 2009
89. ^ Grant Morrison (w), J. G. Jones (p). "How to Murder the Earth"Final Crisis #6 (January 2009), DC Comics
90. ^ Grant Morrison (w). Final Crisis #7(January 2009), DC Comics
91. ^ "Grant Morrison: Final Crisis Exit Interview, Part 2".
92. ^ Tony Daniel (w). Battle for the Cowl #3 (May 2009), DC Comics
93. ^ Chris Yost (w). Red Robin #1(August 2009), DC Comics
94. ^ Geoff Johns (w). Blackest Night #0(June 2009), DC Comics
95. ^ Grant Morrison (w). Batman and Robin #7 (January 2010), DC Comics
96. ^ Grant Morrison (w). Batman and Robin #8 (February 2010), DC Comics
97. ^ ^a b Geddes, John (December 9, 2009). "Grant Morrison on return of original Batman". USA Today. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
98. ^ Segura, Alex (December 9, 2009)."DCU in 2010: The Return of Bruce Wayne hits in April". DC Comics.Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
99. ^ "Batman solicitations for May 2010 at DC's The Source". DC Comics. February 11, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
100. ^ Pearson; Uricchio. "Notes from the Batcave: An Interview with Dennis O'Neil" p. 23
101. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 31
102. ^ ^a b c DETECTIVE Comics #33, November 1939, Bill Finger, Bob Kane
103. ^ ^a b c BATMAN #1 Spring 1940,Bill Finger, Bob Kane
104. ^ Pearson, pg. 194
105. ^ Sharrett, Christopher. "Batman and the Twilight of the Idols: An Interview with Frank Miller." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 44
106. ^ Pearson, pg. 208
107. ^ Dennis O'Neil, Wizard Batman Special 1998
108. ^ Dennis O'Neil Batman: Knightfall. 1994, Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-09673-7
109. ^ Daniels, 1999, pg. ??
110. ^ Pearson, pg. 202
111. ^ Morrison, Grant (w). Batman Incorporated v2, 0 (September 2012), DC Comics
112. ^ Jim Steranko History of the Comics, vol. 1
113. ^ Boucher, Geoff (Aug. 13, 2010)."Batman versus Superman as class warfare? Grant Morrison: ‘Bruce has a butler, Clark has a boss’". Los Angeles Times.
114. ^ T. James Musler. 2006. Unleashing the Superhero in Us All.
115. ^ Scott Beatty, The Batman Handbook: The Ultimate Training Manual. 2005, Quirk Books, p51. ISBN 1-59474-023-2
116. ^ Aichele, G. (1997). Rewriting Superman. In G. Aichele & T. Pippin (Eds.), The Monstrous and the Unspeakable: The Bible as Fantastic Literature (pp. 75–101). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
117. ^ Superman vol. 2, #53
118. ^ Brooker, Will (2001). Batman Unmasked. NY/London: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 368.ISBN 0-8264-1343-9.
119. ^ Mike Conray, 500 Great Comicbook Action Heroes. 2002, Collins & Brown.ISBN 1-84411-004-4
120. ^ Grant Morrison (w), Howard Porter (p). "War of the Worlds" JLA 3 (March, 1997), DC Comics
121. ^ ^a b c d Daniels (1999)
122. ^ Larry Ford, "Lighting and Color in the Depiction" in Place, Power, Situation, and Spectacle: A Geography of Film, Stuart C. Aitken, Leo Zonn, Leo E. Zonn eds. 1994 Rowman & Littlefield, p132. ISBN 0-8476-7826-1
123. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 98
124. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 159–60
125. ^ ^a b Boichel, pg. 8
126. ^ Boichel, pg. 7
127. ^ Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Vines, Dexter (i). "Running Wild" Superman/Batman 3 (December 2003), DC Comics
128. ^ ^a b Daniels (1995), pg. 138
129. ^ Finkelstein, David; Macfarlane, Ross (March 15, 1999). "Batman's big birthday". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media Limited). Retrieved June 19, 2007.
130. ^ Noer, Michael; David M. Ewalt (April 23, 2012). "The Forbes Fictional 15, Bruce Wayne". Forbes. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
131. ^ Pisani, Joseph (2006). "The Smartest Superheroes".BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on December 03 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
132. ^ "20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 21, 2010.^{[verification needed]}
133. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains". American Film Institute. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
134. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 50
135. ^ ^a b Daniels (1999), pg. 64
136. ^ Olsen, Lance. "Linguistic Pratfalls in Barthelme", South Atlantic Review 5.4 (1986), pp. 69–77. Stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3199757
137. ^ Boichel, pg. 14
138. ^ "Batman (1989)". Box Office Mojo.Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2007.
139. ^ Daniels (1999), pg. 178
140. ^ "Opening Weekends". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
141. ^ "Fastest to $400 million". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
142. ^ "All Time Domestic Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo.Archived from the original on December 05 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
143. ^ Batman: Arkham Asylum at Metacritic, accessed June 12, 2012
144. ^ Batman: Arkham City at Metacritic, accessed June 12, 2012
145. ^http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2013/04/09/may-cover-revealed-batman-arkham-origins.aspx
146. ^ Wertham, Fredric. Seduction of the Innocent. Rinehart and Company, Inc., 1954. pg. 189–90
147. ^ Medhurst, Andy. "Batman, Deviance, and Camp." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media. Routledge: London, 1991. ISBN 0-85170-276-7, pg. 150
148. ^ "Is Batman Gay?". Retrieved December 28, 2005.^{[dead link]}
149. ^ Sharrett, pg. 37–38
150. ^ Sharrett, pg. 38
151. ^ "Bruce Wayne: Bachelor". Ninth Art: Andrew Wheeler Comment. Archived from the original on April 28, 2005. Retrieved June 21, 2005.
152. ^ Beatty, Bart (2000). "Don't Ask, Don't Tell: How Do You Illustrate an Academic Essay about Batman and Homosexuality?". The Comics Journal(228): 17–18.
153. ^ "Mark Chamberlain (American, 1967)". Artnet.
154. ^ "Gallery told to drop 'gay' Batman". BBC News Online. August 19, 2005.
155. ^ Brooker, Will (2001) Batman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon, Continuum
156. ^ Playboy Grant Morrison interview, accessed May 2, 2012
157. ^ The Gayness of Batman, Comics Alliance, accessed May 2, 2012